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Admiral Spiridov-class monitor
The ''Admiral Spiridov'' class were a pair of monitors built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1860s. The sister ships were assigned to the Baltic Fleet upon completion and remained there for their entire careers. Aside from several accidental collisions and one grounding, their careers were uneventful. They were reclassified as coast-defense ironclads in 1892 before they became training ships in 1900. The ''Admiral Spiridov''s were stricken from the Navy List in 1907; one ship became a stationary target and the other a coal-storage barge. Their ultimate fates are unknown.
==Design and description==
By late 1863, the Russian Admiralty Board had begun planning for the second generation of ironclads to succeed those ships then under construction. They ordered eight ships, two fully rigged seagoing types and six coastal defense ships, in March 1864. The British shipbuilder Charles Mitchell submitted four different designs for the coastal defense vessels, two broadside ironclads and two turret ships. The Shipbuilding Technical Committee decided in August that the broadside designs would be based on the hull shape of the earlier for better seaworthiness, but they would be armed with fewer, but more powerful guns, than the numerous smoothbore guns of the older ships. Two variants were worked out that differed in the fineness of the hull and draft.〔McLaughlin, p. 112〕
In November the committee decided to revise the designs to use three gun turrets, each armed with a pair of massive American-designed Rodman guns, although the armament was changed to rifled muzzle-loading guns two months later. On 4 June 1865, ''Admiral Spiridov'' and ''Admiral Chichagov'' were ordered to the shallower-draft version of the two designs. Construction of the ships was repeatedly delayed by design changes and delayed deliveries of components. Both of the most significant design changes were related to the armor protection. Shortly after they were ordered the Admiralty Board realized that the specified armor would be outclassed by the latest rifled gun and decided that the existing armor would be reinforced by an additional armor plate and additional wooden backing inside the existing armor. The additional weight was offset by increasing the height of the hull by which also deepened the ships' draft. The second change occurred after new rifled guns were able to penetrate a replica of the armor scheme in June 1866. The Admiralty Board decided to significantly thicken the armor of the two ships and removed one gun turret to compensate for the weight of the extra armor in November. Numerous other changes flowed from this decision as the engine and boilers had to be moved forward about to maintain the ships' trim and two transverse bulkheads also had to be moved. This major change added over 270,000 rubles to the cost of the ships and added more delays as Russian ironworks had problems rolling the thicker armor plates.〔McLaughlin, pp. 113–14〕
The ''Admiral Spiridov''-class monitors were significantly larger than their predecessors, the , and were long at the waterline. They had a beam of and a maximum draft of . The ships were designed to displace , but turned out to be overweight and actually displaced . They were fitted with a plough-shaped ram. The ''Admiral Spiridov''s had a double bottom and their hulls were subdivided by six main watertight bulkheads. Their crew consisted of 280 officers and crewmen.〔McLaughlin, pp. 115–16〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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